An end mill is a rotary cutting tool used in milling machines for shaping, contouring, slotting, and finishing metal, plastic, wood, and composite materials. Unlike drill bits, which primarily cut in the axial direction, end mills can cut laterally and radially, making them highly versatile for precision machining. They are available in various geometries, including square-end mills for sharp cuts, ball-nose end mills for curved surfaces, and roughing end mills for heavy material removal. Made from high-speed steel, carbide, or cobalt, end mills offer durability and resistance to wear, with advanced coatings like TiN, TiAlN, and DLC improving heat resistance and tool life. They are widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, mold making, and general engineering, where high precision and smooth finishes are required. Proper tool selection, cutting speed, feed rate, and cooling techniques play a crucial role in maximizing performance and tool longevity in milling operations.
